Familiar with fire extinguishers and how to use it

Every sailor Candidates WHO as safe or want to work on the boat must have a basic knowledge of emergency procedures on board. This basic knowledge required in the candidate had mariners or sailors. They must understand and know the basis of fire fighting, medical first aid, survival craft, and basic safety training, That one we want to talk about is the fire department, fire-related thing.

Causes of fires can be Divided into 3 factor:

1. Flammable materials Goods-solid, liquid or gas (wood, paper, textile, petrol, oil, acetelin etc.)
2. Heat (temperature) - The neighborhood has Such a high temperature, (the heat source from the Sun, Electrical (electrical surge, mechanical energy heat (friction), chemical reactions, Compressed Air)
3. Oxygen (O2) - The acid substances (O2) is sufficient. The content (content) O2 determined by percentage (%), the Greater the oxygen content of the more intense the fire is lit, while the oxygen content of less than 12% is not going to Happen burning fire. Under normal circumstances oxygen levels ranging from 21% free water, the water has sufficient combustion activity.

Of these three factors bind to each other with sufficient conditions are available. These three factors are described in the form of a triangle of fire Following the relationships:

Please note if any of the side of the above segita no, it is not possible there is a fire. So any fires be extinguished in three Airways:

1. By lowering the temperature below the temperature of the fire,
2. Eliminate acid
3. Alienate the goods of flammable

Various types and Fire extinguisher by the fire burning materials can be Divided into Several types, Among others:

   1. Class A fire, the burning of solid materials
   2. Class B fire, the which burned in liquid / gas
   3. Class C fire, the fire involving the electrical current
   4. Class D fire, the burning metal material classification above species formed after the fire in 1970, Previously only class A, B, C.


Extinction way 3 (three) Airways to Overcome / fire fighting:

• How to put out a breakdown of the way or distance separating the material / objects That can be burned
• How cool is how to extinguish fires by reducing the heat or temperature. Airlah the most dominant material used in reducing the heat by spraying or flame spraying water to point.
• How to Isolation / localization is the way the fire-fighting by reducing the levels / percentage of O2 in the burned bodies.
• Materials Fire extinguishing Often materials are found and used at this time include:

1. Water extinguishing agent
2. Extinguishing agent Foam (Foam)
3. CO2 Gas extinguishing material
4. Dry powder extinguishing agent (Dry chemical)
5. Gas extinguishing agent Halon

Air-water extinguishing extinguisher readily available materials, low prices, can be used in an unlimited amount not even have to buy / free.

- Water in Addition to lowering the heat / temperature (cooling) can also hold / reject and Repel the ingress of oxygen in an atomized.

- At this time the fire extinguishing agent Widely used in the system water / mist form (Fog), Because It has advantages when compared with Several water jets, Among others:

1. Have the ability to absorb heat (cooling) is Greater. 1 liter of water can absorb the heat emitted by 30 kcal, whereas when 1 liter of water can be atomized into steam as much as 1600 liters and will absorb the heat to 300 kcal.
2. Spay nozzel more easily controlled, by regulating the nozzel beam system can be controlled even mist (fog)
3. Produce fresh water
4. Can be used on oil fires (liquids)

Advantages and Disadvantages of water materials:

Advantages:

   1. Well as the cooling medium
   2. Easily available and a large number
   3. Low exploitation costs

Disadvantages:

   1. Electrical leads
   2. Ship can upset the balance (stability)
   3. Certain valuable items can damage electrical appliances Such as
   4. Add heat when exposed carbide raw copra, or Certain chemicals

    * Materials Foam extinguishers (Foam) - Material effective extinguishing foam to extinguish class B fires (oil, diesel and liquid), to extinguish fires solid (Class A) is less good, As it is known That the fire department with foam material in a That way isolation prevents the entry of water dalamproses fire (fire), with cover / envelop surface of the object the fire so the fire does not flow.

According to the manufacturing process there are two types of foam are:
a. Chemical foam (Chemis)
b. Foam mechanical foam-less fit to be sprayed on the surface of the liquid mixed with water  (Alcohol, methylated) Because the foam is easily soluble in water

    * CO2 gas fire extinguishing materials or carbon dioxide CO2 pagas Beru and can be used to extinguish fires of all Kinds, especially the class C. By blowing CO2 gas will be Able to Repel and Reduced the percentage of oxygen (O2) in water up to 12% - 15% - CO2 gas is heavier than water and other gases not deliver Such as electricity, odorless and leaves no scars / net.
    * Materials cut Flour (powder) dry chemical (drychemical) - Dry chemical can be used for any type of fire, - not harmful to Humans / animals as non-toxic,
    * Material Referred to as a dry chemical extinguishing agent fire dual function (multi-purpose extinguisher)

1. No electric leads, - Powder oxygen binding function (insulation) and also can binding gas other harmful gases,
2. Can lower the temperature, - Easy to clean and do not damage equipment,
 

Way of its use dry chemical CO2 gas is almost equal to namely as Following:

1. First be aware of the existence / wind direction, if the wind is so strong dry chemical is not efficient,
2. Point the jet flame cutters and can try to form a sort of cloud / smoke to cover the flame. For more details and techniques why measures the which completely extinguish the fire using a fire type tool